从“访员”到“记者”称呼的变化看记者职业的肇兴与成长

The Beginning and Rise of the Journalists Profession as Evidenced in the Change of the Name from "Visitors","Investigative Reporters" to "Journalists"

早期中国的记者被称为"访员"、"访事人,"19世纪后半期,上海的报刊均称记者为"访员"。1905年郑贯公已经使用了"记者"这一称呼。从"政论报刊时期"到"新闻消息报刊时期"的过渡,是"访员"成为"记者"的新闻业界背景。从"访员"到"记者"称呼的变化,反映了中国社会对记者职业认识水平的变化和这个职业社会地位的提升。

Chinese journalists were called ＂visitors＂ or ＂investigative reporters＂ in the very early time. During the latter half of the 19th century, newspapers in Shanghai all used the name of ＂visitors＂. The name of ＂journalist＂ had already been used by 1905. Around the 1911 Revolution, the name of ＂journalists＂ became popular. The transition from the ＂political comment publication period＂ to the ＂news publication period＂ is the background of the change from ＂visitors＂ to ＂journalists＂. This change mirrors the variation in Chinese society＇ s understanding of journalistic career and the raising of its professional status.