论《史记》中汉武帝“以广儒墨”

Emperor Hanwu's"To Popularise Confucianism and Mohism" in Records of the Historian

《史记.平津侯主父列传》中提到汉武帝"以广儒墨",对此一般解释为这是一种语言上"连类而及"的用法。但通过考索文献发现,在《史记》以前的典籍中和《史记》全书中其他地方出现"儒墨"的时候,都没有"儒墨"连类而及的用法,并且汉武帝实行尊崇儒术的同时,也采取了繁荣文化的手段,"罢黜百家,独尊儒术"的说法不严谨。因此,可以认为《史记.平津侯主父列传》中的"儒墨",是沿袭战国以来的说法,指的是以儒家和墨家为代表的所有学术。

It was recorded in Chapter of Legend of Zhufu, the Duke Pingjin in Records of the Historian written by Si Ma Qian that Emperor Hanwu wanted＂to popularise Confucianism and Mohism＂. The sentence has been generally paraphrased as that the Emperor wanted to popularise Confucianism only and Mohism here was just mentioned incidentally. However, this kind of expression did not appeared in any historical records before Records of the Historian. In fact, Emperor Hanwu not only respected Confucianism as the ruling thoughts, but also made efforts to prosper the culture at the same time. This seemed to be contradictory to his policy of＂to abolish all thoughts except Confucianism＂. Therefore, Mohism in this sentence had an equal status with Confucianism, i.e. both of them represented all philosophical thoughts since the Wars Period. And the Emperor wanted to popularise all philosophical thoughts other than Confucianism and Mohism.