转型时期英格兰、长三角土地市场发育程度的比较

Comparative Research on the Degree of Land Market between England and the Delta of Yangtse Rive in the Period of Transformation

转型时期英格兰、长三角的土地市场流转率分别为0.496%、0.424%。从数值上看,两地区的土地市场流转率接近,似乎处于同一市场发展阶段,但实质并非如此。在英格兰,各类职业者、资产者构成了土地的买方,土地卖方包括欠债的土地家族、继承土地的旁系亲属、小土地所有者。在长三角,农村金融枯竭,高利贷肆虐,绝大多数农家的年净余率为零或负数。为了生存,不愿变卖土地的农家,只能凭土地举借高利贷经营。利率的高昂、借贷的消费倾向,年净余率的却失,使他们抵押、典当、最终绝卖土地。英格兰的土地交易是买卖双方自由往来的结果,已进入了市场阶段;长三角的绝卖土地则是农家身负高利贷经营达到山穷水尽地步的一种无奈之举,不具备现代市场的基本前提,属前市场阶段。

During the period of transformation, The fluxion rate of the field in England and the Delta of Yangtse Rive was respectively 0.496% and 0.424%. In the surface, the two numbers are approximate and the land marker in the two areas were in the same phase, but the matter was not so. In England, the land sellers consisted of the landed family in debt, the collateral relatives who inherited estate and small landowners, while all kinds of capitalists and clerks made the buyers. In Public of China, the surplus rate of most farmers was zero or negative and the finance was drying up in the Delta of Yangtse Rive, thus usury prevailed. In order to make a life, the landowner who would not sell his land had to borrow dear money. Yet expensive character of the interest and the consuming trend of the loan made the landowner at last lose his land through mortgage, impawning and selling. The deal of estate in England was the result of free trade by seller and buyer, which entered into the phase of market. Yet the action of having to sell land by the peasant of the Delta of Yangtse Rive was because the usury was too heavy. Thus in the Delta of Yangtse Rive, the precondition of modern land market did non exist, which was at the stage of pre-market.