唐朝“村正”考

Textual Research on Cunzheng of Tang Dynasty

在唐朝以前的汉隋时期,针对"村"组织设立过各种名目的管理人员。至唐朝,开始推行"村"制度,规范了村正长的设置办法,明确了村正长的职责。依据唐令,村正长任用白丁充任,人数无定额,因村之大小设立。律令赋予村正长的职责是"检察非违",但在实际生活中,村正长也参与催驱赋役等事务。村正长是里正长的主要辅助者,其待遇低于里正长。出土文书证明,官府为了减少赋役的蠲免,往往任用中男充任村正长。唐朝后期以降,村正长等职务出现以"富户"充任的趋势,其职责也日趋全面。至五代时期,村正长"催驱赋役"的职责成为制度。

Between Han-Sui dynasties, some administrative personnel have been set up on Curt organization. Cun system defines the choosing method and the duty of Cunzheng in Tang dynasty. According to the law of Tang dynasty, Cun Zheng was chosen among common adult male, and there was not fixed number in Cun for different sizes, Cun Zheng was the primary assistant of Li Zheng, and his major work was to deal with law breaking, but actually his business also included to push farmers to pay taxes, etc. The identity of Cun Zheng took some changes in the late Tang dynasty. The duties of Cun Zheng appeared to be more comprehensive. It became formalization for Cun Zheng to push farmer to pay taxes in WuDai period.