向海湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性评价方法的比较研究

Comparison of the assessment method of bird diversity in the Xianghai National Nature Reserve

鸟类多样性是评价湿地生态环境质量极其敏感的指标。向海湿地自然保护区地处半干旱区,受气候和人为影响,生态环境变化极为剧烈,因此,寻求一种行之有效且简单易行的鸟类多样性评价手段,对于及时了解湿地生态环境质量的动态变化信息,提出湿地和鸟类多样性的管理和保护对策至关重要。稀疏标准化法是一种建立在物种-面积关系上的生物多样性评价方法,主要用于区域尺度上的生物多样性评估。运用改进的稀疏标准化程序,利用多年调查和收集的鸟类数据,来评价和分析向海自然保护区鸟类多样性及其变化,结合香农-威纳多样性指数和均匀度指数,分析了两种方法获取结果的相关性。评估结果表明:稀疏标准化法获取的鸟类多样性和均匀度信息与传统的香农-威纳多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数间具有显著的相关关系,可以用于鸟类的多样性和均匀度评价,且具有科学、直观、运算简捷、快速等优势。

Bird diversity is sensitive to the changed ecological environment. Xianghai National Nature Reserve locates in the semiarid area of northeast China, where the ecological environment has been greatly changing because of climate change and human＇ s activity for development. Therefore, an effective and scientific approach for assessing bird-diversity is important to understand the dynamic change of wetland environment quality and to provide strategy and countermeasure for the management and conservation of bird diversity. Based on the relationship between species and area, the rarefaction is an effective method for assessing the biodiversity in a regional scale. This paper mainly concentrates on the analysis and assessment of bird diversity and its dynamic change in the Xianghai Nature Reserve, by analyzing the data collected in the past nine years using the improved rarefaction program. Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index were used to compare and check the feasibility of rarefaction in practice. The results of the rarefaction were highly correlated with those of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index, which indicates that the rarefaction is an effective, scientific, intuitionistic, reasonable and brief method in assessing bird diversity in the Xianghai Nature Reserve.