电力企业职工和管理人员心理压力状况及影响因素的比较

Comparison of psychological stress and effecting factors among workers and managers in electric corporation

目的探讨供电企业一线职工和管理人员心理压力状况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取样本，使用压力反应问卷、领悟社会支持量表、生活事件量表、特质应对方式问卷对559名供电企业职工进行调查，采用SPSS13．0软件作统计分析。结果一线岗位职工的压力反应总分、生活事件总分、社会支持总分[分别为（70．95±27．81）分、（20．74±22．78）分、（58．03±9．47）分]，高于管理组[分别为（61．28±22．56）分、（15．93±16．62）分、（55．29±9．80）分]，差异有显著性[分别为（t=3．767，P〈0．01）、（t=2．507，P〈0．05）、（t=2．820，P〈0．01）]；消极应对和积极应对分2组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。多元逐步回归分析显示：一线组进入方程的变量是消极应对、工作学习事件、社交及其他事件、积极应对和工作时间（R^2=49．5）；管理组进入方程的变量是消极应对、家庭内社会支持和工作学习事件（R^2=48．1）。结论电力一线职工的心理压力水平明显高于同单位的管理人员，影响其心理压力的主要因素是应对方式、生活事件和工作时间等多因素。

Objective To study the psychological stress and its effecting factors among workers in electric corporation. Methods 559 samples were selected by stratified random sampling from the electric corporation and were investigated with SRQ （Stress Reaction Questionnaire ） , PSSS （Perceived Social Support Scale ） , LES （Life Event Scale） and TCSQ （Trait Coping Style Questionnaire ）. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Results The scores of the stress reaction, life events and social supports of workers group [ （70.95±27.81 ）, （ 20.74±22.78 ） , （58.03±9.47 ） ] were significantly higher than those of managers group [ （ 61.28±22.56 ） , （15.93±16.62）, （55.29±9.80）][（ t =3. 767, P〈0.01）,（ t =2. 507, P〈0.05）,（ t =2. 820, P〈0.01） ], and the scores of negative coping and positive coping had no significant difference between the groups（ P〉 0.05 ）. The regression analysis showed that in workers group stress reaction was directly correlated with negative coping style, working and interpersonal events , positive coping and working time （R^2 = 49.5 ） , but in managers group it was correlated with negative coping style, family supports, and working events （ R^2 = 48.1 ）. Conclusion Psychological stress among workers in electric corporation are significantly higher than managers. The main effecting factors are coping style, life events and working time.