坡地土壤养分迁移与流失影响因素研究进展

Research on the effective factors of nutrient transfer and loss in the slope land

综合国内外有关文献,论述了坡地土壤养分迁移与流失的影响因素,包括降雨特征、下垫面条件、土壤特征、管理措施等,表明坡地土壤养分迁移与流失是一个复杂的物理化学过程;坡地养分迁移与流失的形态和途径,主要为吸附于泥沙颗粒表面的养分随径流液(溶解态)和泥沙(结合态)流出坡地和部分养分的淋溶;强调了坡地养分流失对环境污染的严重影响,而且污染范围很广,在污染河流和地下水的同时导致水体富营养化,同时因反硝化过程所产生的氮氧化合物对大气也形成了污染。最后介绍了坡地养分流失的预测预报模型,并在此基础上,讨论了坡地养分迁移与流失研究存在的问题和发展趋势。

The factors of nutrient transfer and loss in the slope land were introduced, such as rainfall indensity,standings, soil characteristics, management, and chemicals, which showed nutrient transfer and loss is a complicated physical and chemical process. The configurations and approaches of nutrient transfer and loss were stated,which were losing with runoff and sediment, and nitrogen leaching as dissolved and combined shapes. Because nutrient loss has negative effect on the environment,such as eutrophiacation and pollution to soil,water body and air,prediction on nutrient transfer and loss was and still is a crucial and in- teresting issue in the field. Finally,the problems and the prospective tasks of this field were discussed. The purpose of this paper is to summarize briefly the progress of research on nutrient transfer and loss and to provide scientific reference on water and nutrient management in the slope land.