油茶果形果色分类及经济性状

Classification of Fruit Shape and Color and Analysis of the Economic Traits of Oil-tea Camellia

以油茶成林的成熟果实为材料,对果形果色进行了分类并研究了相关经济性状.结果表明:油茶果形可分为桔形、球形、卵形、橄榄形4大类,果色可分为红色、红黄色、青黄色、青色4种基本颜色;果径是果实形态中最重要的指标,它与果高、鲜果质量、心室数、籽数均存在极显著正相关关系,与果形指数、干籽含油率存在极显著负相关关系,其中果径与鲜果质量的相关系数达到0.946,建立了果径-鲜果质量回归方程为y=19.529-1.591x+0.049x2,干籽含油率与果形指数和果实颜色变化一致;从各个经济性状指标值来看,球形与卵形,红色与红黄色,青色与青黄色之间基本接近,差异不显著.

Fruit is the most economically valuable part of oil-tea camellia （Camellia oleifera）; because of artificial selection and natural selection, many types composed of different fruit shape and color can be found in their off-springs. Genetic variation of fruits is a most important part of the whole variation of oil-tea Camellia. With its ripened fruits from mature plantations as experimental material, classification of the fruit shape and color, and economic traits with relation to them were studied in this paper. The results show as follows. Fruit shape can be divided into four main types： sphericity, ovoid, olive-shape and orange-shape. Fruit color can be classified into 4 groups such as red, green, yellow with green spots, and yellow with reddish spots. Fruit diameter was the most important character among the fruit shape characters. There is a most significant positive correlation between fruit diameter and fruit height, fruit weight, the number of locules and the number of seeds respectively; meanwhile there is also a most significant negative correlation between fruit diameter and the index of fruit shape and the oil content in dry seeds, the correlation coefficient between fruit diameter and fruit weight reaching 0. 946. So the regression equation about fruit diameter-fruit weight was built： y=19. 529-1. 591x ＋ 0. 049x^2 （y represents fruit weight, x fruit diameter）. The variation trend of the oil eontent in dry seeds was the same as the indices of fruit shape and color. As to the economic traits indices conducted in the experiment, there is no significant difference between sphericity and ovoid, red and yellow with reddish spots, green and yellow with green spots. This study may offer some theoretic proof for classification of fruit shape and color, and for breeding of oil-tea Camellia with high oil content.