新疆地区哮喘与变应性鼻炎患者过敏原检测及相关性分析

Investigation of allergens in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang

目的:了解新疆地区哮喘与变应性鼻炎患者过敏原的分布状况及其相互关系,为今后寻找新的治疗途径提供依据。方法:选择667例哮喘与变应性鼻炎患者(吸入过敏原组),变应性鼻炎306例,哮喘患者361例,其中254例同时检测食物过敏原(IVT702)(食物过敏原组)。采用体外特异性变应原检测法(IVT)测定血清中总IgE(TIgE)及特异性IgE(sIgE),并进行对比分析。结果:吸入过敏原组(IVT701)TIgE阳性率为97.6%(651/667),sIgE总阳性率为70.9%(473/667)。过敏原主要为蒿属植物(31.5%)、榆杨柳树(22.0%)、豚草(20.1%)及屋尘(13.5%)。食入过敏原组TIgE阳性率为94.5%(240/254),特异性IgE(sIgE)总阳性率为77.6%(197/254),过敏原主要为大豆花生(21.7%)、鳕鱼(17.7%)、螃蟹虾(16.9%)和鸡蛋(11.8%)。361例哮喘(其中合并变应性鼻炎73例)TIgE阳性率为98.6%,sIgE阳性率为67.0%。306例变应性鼻炎患者TIgE阳性率为97.8%,sIgE阳性率为75.5%。变应性鼻炎患者的变应原sIgE阳性率高于哮喘患者(χ2=5.739,P=0.017)。结论:新疆地区变应性鼻炎与哮喘的主要致敏原为本地区的蒿属植物、榆杨柳树、豚草,螨、霉菌阳性率明显低于内地。免疫治疗既能有效防止鼻炎和哮喘的发作又能防止鼻炎进一步发展为哮喘。

Objective： To explore the distribution of allergens in patients with asthma and provide data for the new therapeutic policies of allergic diseases. Methods： Six humdred and sixty seven cases with asthma or/and allergic rhinitis were tested with IVT（specific allergen test） to analyze TIgE and serum-specific IgE （slgE）. Results：All subiects were observed by IVT701, the positive rates of TIgE and slgE were 97.6% （651/667） and 70.9% （473/667）. The positive rates of artemisia, trees （elm, poplarandwillow）, ragweed, house dust, mites and fungi were 31.5%, 22.0%, 20.1%, 13.5%, 12.6% and 12.4%, respectively. Two hundred and fifty four cases out of 667 subiects were tested by IVT702. The positive rates of TIgE and slgE were 94.5% （240/254） and 77.6% （197/254）, The positive rates of peanut and beans, cod fish, crab and shrimp, eggs were 21.7%, 17.7%, 16.9%, 11.8%, respectively. Among 361 subjects with asthma （73 concomitant allergic rhinitis）, the positive rates of TIgE and slgE were 98.6% and 67.0%. Of 306 subjects with allergic rhinitis, the positive rates of TIgE and slgE were 97.8% and 75.5%. Conclusion： The maior allergens in the patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma in Xinjiang are artemisia pollen 31.5 %, trees 22 % and ragweed 20.1%. The positive rates of mites and fungi were significantly lower than those in other areas of China. Avoid allergens is important. Immunotherapy can not only prevent the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and asthma, but avoid rhinitis to asthma.