三个玉米合成群体选系的配合力及杂种优势分析

Combining Ability and Heterosis Analysis of Three Synthetic Populations in Maize

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,通过在黑龙江省哈尔滨和泰来的两点试验,以玉米自交系Mo17、B73、444和丹340为测验种,对从群体品综1号、中综3号和陕综5号选育的18份自交系进行配合力及杂种优势分析,以探讨群体选系在我国东北早熟玉米区的利用途径。结果表明,供试自交系间一般配合力存在较大差异;陕综5号群体选系HR14、HR17和HR15、中综3号选系HR9和HR8、品综1号选系HR4的一般配合力较高。在供试的72个组合中HR15×丹340、HR17×丹340、HR9×Mo17、HR14×丹340、HR7×B73、HR8×B73、HR6×444、HR5×丹340产量的特殊配合力及对照优势较高,表现出较高的利用潜力。依据特殊配合力及对照优势分析,中综3号选系与旅大红骨群、陕综5号选系与兰卡斯特群、品综1号选系与瑞德群遗传关系较近。结合育种实践,在我国北方早熟春玉米区陕综5号×旅大红骨、中综3号×瑞德或兰卡斯特、品综1号×旅大红骨或唐四平头可能组成较大利用潜力的杂种优势模式。

In order to analyze the combining ability and heterosis, 18 inbreds from three synthetic populations in maize, i. e. Pin-syn No. 1, Zhong-syn No. 3 and Shaanxi-syn No. 5 were crossed with the elite inbreds of Mo17, B73, A.A.A. and Dan340 by a 4 × 18 NC Ⅱmating design system. The results showed that the general combining ability differed significantly for the inbred lines. The inbreds HR14,HR15 and HR17 from population Shaanxi-syn No. 5, and HR9 and HR8 from population Zhong-syn No. 3, and HR4 from population Pin-syn No. 1, had higher general combiner ability. 8 crosses of HR15 ×Dan340, HR17 ×Dan340, HR9 × Mo17, HR14× Dan340, HR7× B73, HR8 ×B73, HR6 × A.4A, and HR5 × Dan340 possessed higher specific combining ability of yield and relative heterosis in 72 crosses, showing higher potentiality. Specific combining ability and relative heterosis analysis showed that inbred lines from Zhong-syn No. 3 with Luda Red Cob population, inbred lines from Shaanxi-syn No. 5 with Lancaster population and inbred lines from Pin-syn No. 1 with Reid population had close genetic relationship. With breeding practice, Shaanxi-syn No. 5 x Luda Red Cob population, Zhong-syn No. 3 × Reid or Lancaster and Pin-syn No. 1 × Luda Red Cob or Tangsipingtou might form the poteneial heterotic patterns in Northern China maize breeding program.