云南水稻地方品种磷高效种质的筛选及生态分布规律研究

Screening and Ecogeographic Distribution for High-phosphorus Efficiency Germplasms of Yunnan Rice Landraces(Oryza sative L.)

在土壤有效磷含量为0.02 mg/kg和80 mg/kg条件下,采用土壤盆栽法对云南5个稻作区的548份云南水稻地方品种核心种质进行磷高效种质的筛选和生态分布规律研究。通过考查18个相对表型性状,发现相对穗干重、相对总干重、相对地上干重对低磷反应较为敏感,可作为鉴定云南水稻地方品种核心种质磷高效材料的首选指标,并筛选出极强磷高效稻种(穗干重、总干重和地上干重的相对值均>90%的稻种)27份。平均值变量分析和差异显著性检验结果显示,滇西北高寒粳稻区和滇东北高原粳稻区稻种磷高效能力较强,南部边缘水陆稻区和滇南单双季籼稻区稻种磷高效能力强且呈现多样性分布,滇中一季籼粳稻区则相对较弱。

A core collection including 548 landraces （from 5 rice cropping regions in Yunnan province）, which were planted in P-deficient （available P：0.02 mg/kg） and P-sufficient （available P：80 mg/kg） acid red soil, was screened for germplasms with high-phosphorus efficiency in pot culture. At the same time, the ecogeographic distribution for high-phosphorus efficiency germplasms was evaluated. By examining 18 relative phenotypic characters, relative panicle dry weight, relative shoot dry weight and relative total dry weight had impressible response to low-P stress and could be used as index to evaluate the high-phosphorus efficiency of core collection in Yunnan rice landraces. With these indexes（their relative values were both more than 90% ）, 27 very high-phos- phorus efficiency germplasms were screened. The results from analysing of means （x）, standard deviation （ sd）, variation coefficient（CV% ） and significance test showed that rice landraces from Northwest Yunnan cold highland japonica rice region and Northeast Yunnan highland japonica rice region had a stronger ability of high-phosphorus efficiency, and those from Southern Yunnan single/double season rice region and Southern marginal paddy-upland rice region were strong with the diversiform distribution; those from Central Yunnan single season japonica-indica region were relatively weak in the ability.