小麦抗穗发芽研究进展

Advances on Resistance to Pre-harvest Sprouting in Wheat

穗发芽严重影响小麦品质和产量。种子自身休眠特性、α-淀粉酶活性、α-淀粉酶抑制剂、迟熟α-淀粉酶活性、种皮颜色、颖壳抑制物以及穗部形态等,均是影响小麦穗发芽的重要因素,其中对子粒休眠特性和α-淀粉酶活性的研究较为深入。位于第3染色体组上的R基因、休眠基因以及4AL上的Phs基因均与小麦穗发芽密切相关。已开发出一些与穗发芽抗性相关的分子标记,其中位于第3部分同源群的三重R基因和位于3B染色体的STS标记Vp1B3,以及位于3A染色体的主效QTL位点QPhs.ccsu-3A.1均可直接用于穗发芽抗性的筛选。本文对以上内容进行了详细论述,并就今后如何提高小麦穗发芽抗性进行了讨论。

Pre-harvest sprouting （PHS） has a serious effect on wheat yield and quality. Many factors, such as dormancy, α-amylase activity, α-amylase inhibitor, late maturity α-amylase （LMA） , grain color, coat-imposed inhibitor and spike character have great effects on PHS, among which the roles of dormancy and α-amylase activity had been thoroughly investigated. PHS tolerance is controlled by several genes such as R and Vp-1 genes on group 3 chromosomes, and Phs gene on 4AL. Molecular markers for PHS tolerance, such as Vp1B3 located on 3BL and major QTLs QPhs. ccsu-3A. 1 on 3A, have been developed, which can be directly used for selection of PHS tolerance. Progress on PHS were reviewed and the possible ways of improving PHS tolerance were discussed.