美国生物质能的发展状况及对我国的启示

The status of biomass energy in the United States and its enlightenment

2006年美国燃料乙醇产量为1742万t,生物柴油产量90万t。2012年美国可再生燃料年利用量将增加到341亿L。美国发展生物质能主要目的是保护美国农民利益,通过政府引导,市场调节促进生物质能的产业发展;为了有效地规避风险,美国芝加哥期货交易所推出燃料乙醇期货。对我国的启示是,发展燃料乙醇不能照搬美国的模式,我国燃料乙醇要走多元化道路,政府要加大科研、开发的扶持力度,以及加强中美在生物质能领域的合作等。

The United States is the world＇s most developed country in the view of biomass utilization, the fuel ethanol production and the biodiesel production are respectively 17.42 million tons and 900,000 tons in 2006. In 2012, the United States renewable fuel consumption will increase to 34.1 billion L. The main purpose of biomass energy development in the United States is to protect the interests of the farmers, and through the government guidance and market regulation to promote the use of biomass for industrial development; In order to effectively avoid risks, Chicago Futures Exchange has introduced the fuel ethanol futures. Based on the analysis on the development of biomass energy in the United States, the enlightenment to China is： the development of fuel ethanol in China cannot copy the American model and should have a diversified development, meanwhile; the government should increase support and research efforts, strengthen Sino-US cooperation in the field of biomass energy and etc.