汉语词类划分的功能标准述评

Review on the Functional Criterion for the Word Class

词的语法功能指词和词的组合能力,有人称之为广义形态。纵观汉语语法学史,各家对汉语词类划分的标准从理论到实践,逐步深入,已臻成熟。功能标准源于词类的性质和词类划分的目的,明确管用,只是有循环论证之弊,这可以借助意义标准补救。

Grammatical function relates to the ablity of word-composition and word-formation, which is the so-called generalized formation. Much progress has been made in the progress of Chinese grammar study, especially for the standard theory about the word class. This paper points out that functional criterion, which stems from the nature of word and the objective of word classification, is explicit and effective yet with the disadvantage of circulatory demonstration. However, this may be compensated by means of meaning criterion.