不同发育特性小麦品种叶片与小穗原基分化同步关系的研究

CORRESPONDING RELATION BETWEEN LEAF AND SPIKELET PRIMORDIUM DIFFERENTIATION OF DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT TYPE OF WHEAT CULTIVARS

为解析小麦叶片出生与小穗原基分化的同步关系,为营养器官生长和幼穗分化的协调发展、苗情诊断和培育壮苗提供理论依据,以16个小麦品种为试验材料,采用室内春化处理和田间分期播种的方法,研究春化处理和播期对不同春化发育特性小麦品种叶片出生与壮苗冬前安全穗发育期(二棱期)和护颖分化期对应关系的影响。结果表明,小穗原基分化的叶龄和叶龄余数受播期和春化处理的影响较大,不同播期和春化处理的叶龄指数则较为稳定,不同春化发育特性小麦品种间的叶龄指标差异大于播期和春化处理之间的差异。表明主茎叶龄与小穗原基分化的对应关系受生态因子及栽培条件的影响较大,不宜将叶龄作为冬前壮苗的形态指标,而叶龄指数和小穗原基分化之间存在确定的量化关系,且主要由品种特性决定,可将春性品种以二棱期、半冬性品种以单棱末期或二棱始期进入越冬期的叶龄指数作为壮苗的叶龄指标。

In order to analyze the corresponding relation between leaf appearance and spikelet primordium differentiation, and provide a theoretical guidance for coordinate development of vegetative organs and spikelet differentiation, for seedling diagnosis and cultivating health seedlings, sixteen wheat cultivars（ Triticum aestivum L. ） were used for investigating effects of sowing dates and vernalization treatments on corresponding relation between leaf appearance and double ridges stage, and glume stage of spike differentiation. Results showed that leaf age and remaining leaf primordium number were influenced by sowing dates and vernalization treatments significantly, whereas leaf number index of different sowing dates and vernalization treatments was relatively stable. Difference of leaf number, remaining leaf primordium number and leaf number index among cuhivars was larger than that of different sowing dates and vernalization treatments. The results imply that corresponding relation between leaf number and spikelet primordium differentiation was markedly affected by ecological factors and cultivating conditions. However, leaf number is not a suitable index as healthy seedlings before winter. The investigation concludes that there is definitely corresponding relation between leaf number index and spikelet primordium differentiation. Leaf number index in double ridges stage of spring type cuhivars and late single ridge stage or early double ridges stage of semi-winter type cuhivars at the beginning of winter period as well as leaf number index in late double ridges stage at the end of winter period can be regarded as leaf standard of healthy seedlings.