中国近代独立审判制度建构述论

Review of the Construction of the Independent Judicial System in Modern China

中国近代就司法审判制度的革新而言,通过移植西方的政治法律制度,在司法改革中遵循分权原则,致力于司法权与行政权的分离,实践司法独立是司法改革的最大亮点。由于清末司法与行政的分立依旧以皇权为终极根据,决定了司法独立虽然在法律层面上得到体现,但在实践方面只能处于"能言不能行之"的状态;北洋政府时期和南京国民政府时期,独立审判制度的建构有了很大的发展,但司法独立的实现程度是相当有限的,有些司法独立制度规则的存在也仅具有象征意义。

From the Qing dynasty to the national government period,western political and legal system was transplanted to reform the justice system,thus,the principle of decentralization was followed,the separation of the judicial power and the executive power was committed to,and the judicial independence was put into practice.But in the late Qing dynasty,the imperial authority,being the ultimate decisive factor,determined the judicial independence to be established on paper,not in practice.In the northern government period and the nationalist government period,although the construction of the justice system has been developed,the realization of the judiciary independence was yet very limited,and the rules of judicial independence existed just as a symbol.