生态景观林群落结构定量分析

Quantitative analysis of community structure in ecological landscape forests

采用标准样地调查法,分别对浙江淳安、金华和东阳等地生态景观林的群落结构进行调查,将30个样地划分为阔叶林、针阔混交林、马尾松Pinus massoniana林、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林等4种生态景观林类型。结果表明:针阔混交林与阔叶林均具有较丰富的物种组成,且均匀度较高。杉木林物种数量明显偏少,林分密度大,达到3 967株.hm-2,针阔混交林、阔叶林和马尾松林林分密度则比较接近。马尾松林和针阔混交林垂直结构良好,空间层次分化清晰,阔叶林灌木层高度较大,层次一般,杉木林灌草层植被稀疏,层次性较差。从分布格局来看,主要呈均匀分布和聚集分布,针叶林以均匀分布为多,阔叶林则以聚集分布为多。

The community structure and attributes of ecological landscape forest in Chun＇ an, Jinhua and Dongyang Cities were studied by standard quadrat method. And all the 30 plots were divided into four types of landscape forests： broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved forest, Pinus massoniana forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata forest. The results indicated that both the coniferous and broad-leaved forest and broad-leaved forest were diverse in the species, and had high community evenness. The species in C. lanceolata forest was obviously few, while the stand density was higher than the other three types of forests, reaching 3 967 trees·hm^-2. The P. massoniana forest and coniferous and broad-leaved forests had good vertical structure and were more clearly differentiated into spatial layers than broad-leaved forest. The shrubs in broad-leaved forest were so high that the light in woods was not very good. C. lanceolata forest had few shrub and herbal layers with the worse vertical structure. From the angle of spatial distribution pattern, coniferous forest plantations were evenly distributed while broad-leaved forest populations were more concentrated. [Ch, 4 fig. 3 tab. 18 ref. ]