不同措施在防治山地果园水土流失及面源污染中的应用研究

Applied research on different measures in preventing and controlling mountainous orchard soil erosion and non-point source pollution

通过施用生物毯、生物带和秸秆覆盖3种措施,模拟人工降雨,测定山地果园的水土流失量,比较不同措施在防治山地果园水土流失中的效果。结果表明,在降雨强度为1.33mm/min时,与对照相比生物毯和秸秆覆盖能减少50%以上的氮磷流失量,生物带减少氮磷流失量也达到30%以上;在降雨强度为2.33mm/min时,秸秆覆盖防治水土流失的效果最好;在高降雨强度(2.33mm/min)时,各种措施防治效果降低,但效果仍然明显,对磷的防治效果好于对氮的防治效果,与对照相比生物毯能减少44.5%的磷流失量。山地果园水土流失相当严重,施用生物毯和秸秆覆盖能有效防治山地果园的面源污染。

The biomass blanket,grass strip of tall rescue,straw mulch as ground cover were experimented,and soil erosion in mountainous orchard showered with artificial rain was measured. The three different methods were compared in their effectiveness of preventing and controlling mountainous orchard soil erosion. The results indicated that when I1 = 1. aa mm/min, the control effectiveness of biomass blanket and straw mulch to soil erosion was over 50 % ,and the effectiveness of tall rescue was over 30%. When I2 = 2.33 mm/min, straw mulch for soil erosion was most effective. Under high-intensity rainfall, the effect decreased,but was still significant, especially on phosphorus loss, showing 44. 5 % improvement. The current mountainous orchard soil erosion was quite severe. The use of biomass blanket and the straw mulch can effectively prevent and control soil erosion and non-point source pollution of mountainous orchard.