湖泊围栏养殖容量估算

Modeling and assessment of aquacultural capacity of a lake

随着中国水产养殖业的快速发展,水产养殖业对水环境的污染日益引起关注。确定合理的水产养殖容量是协调经济效益和环境保护的基础。分析、比较了目前关于养殖容量的主要观点,阐述了生态容纳量、环境容纳量和养殖容量等概念及其相互关系。从规划环境影响评价的角度,确定水产养殖容量的定义为:在自然条件、水环境及社会、经济和现有生产技术等因素的约束下,水产养殖活动所能获得的最大养殖产量。它由自然容纳量(Enp)、需求容量(Dp)和基于水环境容量的养殖容量(Ewp)3部分组成。据此,建立了养殖容量计算模型,并核算出东太湖围网养殖的最佳养殖模式为轮牧式养蟹600kg/hm2,养殖容量为年河蟹养殖量1685.0t,年配套草食性鱼类5015.6t(散养,不围网),养殖面积为3056.20hm2(不使用外源性饲料)。

More attention is being focused on water pollution issues related to fresh water aquaculture in China. The aquacultural capacity of a water body plays an important role in its sustainable development to achieve environmental friendly economic benefits. The paper defined aquacultural capacity from the view of environmental impact assessment and presented the concepts of ecological capacity, environmental capacity and aquacultural production capacity. Integrating ecological science, environmental impact assessment science and aquacultural production, aquacultural capacity was defined as the maximum production rate approved by the government consistent with the overall regional pollution control objectives. By this definition, a conceptual model was proposed to estimate the aquacultural capacity to facilitate the government to develop proper pollution control measures. For the cage and fence fish farming in East Taihu Lake without supplementary food, the model calculated aquacultural capacities were 1 685.0 t/a of Chinese mitten crab （cage） and 5 015.6 t/a of fish, the total culture area was 3 056.20 hm^2 , no added food.