中国草类纤维制浆的理论与技术研究

Study on the Theory and Technology of Straw Pulping in China

总结了我国多年来研究草类纤维制浆造纸所得到的规律。根据草类纤维原料结构和化学组成的不均匀性和纤维形态分布,论述了强化禾草类秸秆的除尘备料过程,是获得浆料滤水性能好、黑液黏度低的关键。论述了草类纤维制浆与木材的差异,分析了造成差异的内在因素,指出草类原料制浆没有必要采用过高的温度和较长的保温时间。草类纤维制浆的最佳工艺应该是在蒸煮过程中除去85%左右的木素,然后氧脱木素制浆。分析了草类原料制浆污染治理困难的原因,指出草浆黑液的化学组成与物化性能的关系、碳水化合物含量高是造成草浆黑液黏度高的重要内在因素。介绍了当前解决这些问题的一些研究成果。

The pulping and papermaking characteristics of non-wood fiber raw materials were summarized in this paper. Considering the heterogeneities of the tissue and chemical composition as well as the fiber morphological distribution, in order to produce the pulp with good drainage performance and ensure the pulping black liquor has low viscosity, the key process is to enhance the raw material preparation and dedusting operation. The difference between non-wood fiber raw material pulping and wood based raw material pulping was discussed. The inherent factors causing the difference were analyzed. For non-wood raw material pulping it is not necessary to use extra high temperature and long retention time at the maximum temperature, the optimum cooking process should be to remove about 85% lignin in the cooking stage then continue to remove the residual lignin and deliberate the raw material with oxygen delignification, the pulp produced with this process has advantages including the higher yield, better drainability, and higher extraction rate of the black liquor. The reasons of high pollution caused by non-wood raw material pulping were discussed in this paper. Both poor drainage performance of the pulp and lower extraction rate of the black liquor cause lower chemical recovery efficiency and higher pollutant load in the washing and bleaching effluent, resulting in the difficulty of the treatment at the end of the pipe. Furthermore, the relationship between the chemical compositions and their physicochemical property was analyzed. It was point out that the higher content of carbohydrate is the important inherent reason of high viscosity of the black liquor. In addition, some latest research results for resolving the above said problems were introduced.