作为过错侵权责任构成要件的非法性与过错——我国过错侵权责任制度应当采取的规则

The Illegality and Fault of the Components of the Liability for Fault Tort——Rules that Liability System of Fault Tort Should Adopt in China

非法性同过错的区分原则仅仅是少数国家的法律所规定的现象,大多数国家的侵权法认为过错同非法行为是内涵和外延等同的概念;过错实际上是一种注意义务的违反行为,是一种非法行为;将非法行为看作过错之外的独立构成要件既违反了我国《民法通则》的明确规定,也违反了民法所贯彻的法典内在平衡的公共政策,还违反了当代侵权法的发展潮流;废除主观过错理论,确立客观过错理论是我国未来侵权法应当坚持的重要原则。

The distinguishing principle between illegality and fault is only a law phenomenon in minority countries; fault and unlawful acts are the same concepts of intension and extension in majority countries; in fact fault is the breach of that duty, which is an unlawful act, thus it violates not only the general principles of civil law but also internal trimmed public policy of the civil law and even the development of the tort law in the modern society. Therefore it is an important principle for the tort law to abolish the subjective fault theory and establish objective fault theory.