国企变革中普通工人与管理者的阶层分化论析——以中南地区某大型国企为中心的考察

Analysis of the Stratification between Ordinary Workers and Managers in the Reform of State-owned Enterprises——Focus on Some State-owned Enterprises in Central South of China

通过对中南地区某大型国企的调查发现:与管理人员相较,普通工人在收入分配、权力占有、受教育程度和居住环境等方面皆处于弱势,资源占有的失衡使普通工人不平等境遇凸显,双方对自身地位、企业出路等问题的感知存在较大分歧。然而,在分化的过程中,双方对国企改革、社会转型暴露出的社会不平等状况存在相似评价,特别是普通工人受市场退出机制的约束,对管理者高度依赖;中低层管理人员与普通工人在国企变革中亦共同经历着不利阶层位置上不同程度的分配不平等,扮演着"缓冲层"的角色,规避了普通工人与管理人员对立局面的形成。以马克思的阶级理论来考量,双方的阶层分化还处于过程之中,尚未最后定型。

Through investigating a big state--owned enterprise in central south of China,it has been found that compared with managers, ordinary workers are at a disadvantage in the income distribution,possession of power,educational level and living environment, the imbalance to own resources enables ordinary workers unequal situation more pronounced. There are a lot of different perception between ordinary workers and managers on their own status, business prospects and so on. However, there are similar appraisements on the reform of state-owned enterprises and social transformation between both sides in the process of stratification, especially, as affected by the market withdrawal mechanism, ordinary workers are dependent on managers extremely ; Mid to low level managers and ordinary workers are also experiencing unfair distribution in varying degrees in the reform of stateowned enterprises, playing a ＂buffer＂ role, to avoid the conflicting situation between ordinary workers and managers. From the perspective of Marx＇s theory of class, a conclusion can be reached that the stratification of the two sides in the state-owned enterprise is still under way, or has not yet formed.