奥地利黑松的生长特性及抗寒性研究

Growth characteristics and cold resistance of Pinus nigra var.austriaca.

该文通过育苗、造林试验和实验室测定,研究了奥地利黑松的生长特性及抗寒性.结果表明:奥地利黑松幼苗根系发达,主根长、侧根粗壮、层次明显,鲜质量大,与乡土树种油松形成鲜明对照.苗木地径生长量显著大于油松;高生长较快的季节出现在6月下旬至8月下旬,生长量占全年总量的42.3%.31年生奥地利黑松的高生长速生期出现在第15~20年,生长量占树高的32.1%.与油松相比,奥地利黑松树高生长较慢,胸径大于油松,材积年生长量0.007 4 m3,是油松的2倍.人工冷冻处理,测定针叶组织的电解质渗出率,在-20^-40℃条件下,奥地利黑松电解质渗出率明显大于油松;用拟合的Logistic测算出组织的半致死温度(LT50),奥地利黑松的LT50为-16.2℃,油松的LT50为-17.9℃,其抗寒性比油松弱.针叶组织中较低的束缚水含量、K+含量、类胡萝卜素含量、ABA含量是奥地利黑松抗寒性弱的主要原因.

This paper deals with the growth characteristics and the related index of its cold resistance of Pinus nigra var.austriaca on the basis of the field investigation and experimental measurement.The results showed that young seedlings of P.nigra var.austriaca had a strong root system,long vertical roots,thick lateral roots,distinct structure,and a heavy fresh mass,a striking contrast with seedlings of P.tabulaeformis.The diameter growth of the one-year-old seedlings was obviously bigger than that of P.tabulaeformis.The fast growth period of height of seedlings occurred from late June to the late of August,with growth increment accounting for 42.3% of total one.Fast height growth period of 31-year-old P.nigra var.austriaca occurred during the 15-20th year,with the growth increment accounting for 32.1% of total.The height growth of P.nigra var.austriaca was slower than that of P.tabulaeformis,while the diameter growth was bigger than that of P.tabulaeformis,with an average annual volume growth of 0.007 4 m^3,which is one time larger than that of P.tabulaeformis.The measurement of cold resistance showed that the exudation rate of electrolyte of P.nigra var.austriaca was higher than that of P.tabulaeformis at-20-40℃,the tissue＇s median lethal temperature（LT50） of it was at-16.2℃,while that of P.tabulaeformis was at-17.9℃.The cold resistance of P.nigra var.austriaca was weaker than that of P.tabulaeformis.The relative low content of bound water,K^＋,carotenoid and ABA in the leaf tissue of P.nigra var.austriaca is the internal cause of its weak cold resistance.