自动气象站现场校准方法探讨

On Field Calibration Method for Automatic Meteorlogical Station

为确保各要素观测数据的准确、可靠并具有可比性,定期开展自动气象站校准是非常重要的。自动气象站现场校准不同于实验室的检定检测,受客观条件的影响,校准结果具有明显的不确定性。为了保证量值传递准确可靠,减小这种不确定性对校准结果造成的误判,对现场校准提出了改进方法。利用2004年至2006年山东省现场校准资料,采用对比方法分析了常规校准法与改进校准法校准误差的变化趋势。结果表明:按新的方法校准后,气温、湿度、气压传感器的校准误差分别减小0.1℃、1%和0.2hPa;地温传感器的超差数量由23.6%下降到5.2%。改进法减小自然环境对校准结果的影响,避免盲目更换传感器,弥补了常规法的不足。

The periodical calibration of various meteorological sensors of AWS is very important in order to ensure accuracy, reliability and comparability on the measuring value. The scene calibra- tion of AWS is different with the laboratory examination. The calibration result has been the ob- vious uncertainty by the impact of the objective condition. To ensure accurate and reliable value of a quantity transfer, the improvement method is proposed so as to reduce misjudgment of calibra- tion results. Based on calibration data in Shandong province from 2004 to 2006, the tendency of calibration error is analyzed with two methods of convention and improvement. The results show that calibration errors of temperature, humidity and pressure sensor have been decreased 0. 1℃, 1% and 0.2hPa, respectivly and the ultra error quantity of ground temperature sensor is dropped from 23.6 % to 5.2 % with new method. In a word, the improvement method can rednce the im- pacts of natural enviroment on calibration results, it can avoid to replace sensors blindly, so it makes up conventional method.