水竹开花的生物学特性研究(英文)

Study on Flowering Characteristics of Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver in China

水竹,刚竹属散生竹种,为长江流域及其以南最常见的野生竹种之一,也是黄河和长江流域广为栽培的一个竹种。自2003年以来,中国四川雅安地区的水竹出现开花现象,到目前已成大范围开花枯死的趋势。对水竹的开花生物学特性进行了研究。结果显示,水竹开花在每个季节均有发生,但主要集中在12月至次年的5月份,开花以后整个植株枯死。水竹为穗状花序,每个佛焰苞(花序)有5～7个假小穗,每个假小穗有4～6朵小花;水竹花丝长约1.8cm,花药黄绿色,柱头三裂。水竹花药非常丰富,但雌蕊发育不良,因此,至今未发现水竹结实。对开花和未开花竹林环境因子进行调查和分析后发现,竹林内光照时数、气温以及湿度对开花有比较显著的影响。同时,开花和未开花水竹根、茎、叶的冷冻切片显示,开花水竹根、茎、叶的细胞结构和发育状况均差于未开花竹。由此看来,内部生理变化和外部环境影响是导致水竹开花的最终原因。

The flowering characteristics of Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver were studied in this paper. The result showed that the occurrence of bamboo flowering is random in a year, while the florescence mainly happens in the period of November to next May, which led to the death of bamboos. Inflorescence is represented as spike, each spathe possesses 5-7 fake spikelets and each spikelet possesses 4-6 florets~ the flower filament is about 13 mm long with canary anther and trifid stigma. Anther is relatively rich, but pistil shows hypogenesis, so Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver up to now fail to seed. The further research showed that environment factors, such as time of sun illumination, temperature and humidity of bamboo forest, had the significant impact on bamboo flowering, and the anatomy of flowering and non-flowering bamboo leaf, stem and root showed that the cell structure and development status of flowering ＇bamboo leaf,stem and root are inferior to those of non-flowering bamboo. In present study, we suggested that the interior physical change and external environment condition contributed side to the occurrence of Ph. heteroclada Oliver flowering.