社会网络、社会支持对离退休老年病人生存质量的影响

Influence of Social Networks and Social Support on the QOL of Retired Elderly Patients

目的:探讨社会支持、社会网络、社会交往等因素对离退休老年病人生存质量的影响。方法:对351名离退休老年病人进行生存质量量表、期望性支持和获得性支持量表和社会网络数量、社会交往的频率、疾病诊断的数量等评定。结果:多元逐步线性回归分析显示,社会网络的数量和社会交往的频率对老年病人的生存质量各领域因子分均没有显示明显的影响,没有进入回归方程;情感支持对生存质量心理领域、社会关系领域、精神支柱/宗教/个人信仰等领域影响较为明显,所解释的变异分别为17.0%、29.9%、14.2%;期望性支持对总的生活质量及健康状况有明显影响,所解释的变异为12.9%,并对生存质量心理领域、社会关系领域也有一定的影响;有形支持分仅对生存质量环境领域影响较为明显,所解释的变异为22.5%,对生存质量其他领域影响不明显。疾病诊断的数量对生存质量的多个领域都显示有负面的影响,影响程度比年龄更为明显,除对生存质量生理领域较为明显外(可解释总分变异的25.3%),还对心理领域、独立领域、社会关系领域、总的生活质量及健康状况都有一定的影响。结论:社会支持对老年病人生存质量的影响主要不是取决于其社会交往和社会网络的数量,而是取决于社会支持的质量。情感性、感受性支持较有形的社会支持或工具性支持对老年病人生存质量的影响更为明显。疾病对生存质量的影响不仅仅表现身体的痛苦上,还对患者的心理社会功能造成明显的影响。

Objective： To explore the influence of social support, social networks and social contacts on the QOL of retired elderly patients. Methods： 351 retired elderly patients were tested with WHOQOL-100, Size of Social Network, Anticipated Support, Received Support, Frequency of Social Interaction and Number of Diagnoses. Results： Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the Size of Social Network and Frequency of Social Interaction did not enter into the regression equation, and the influence of the Size of Social Network and Frequency of Social Interaction on the QOL of elderly patients were not visible. Emotional support showed obvious influence on the QOL in psychological status, social relation, and mental support/religion/individual belief domains. Anticipated support showed influence on the QOL in total QOL and health status, psychological status, and social relation domains. Tangible support showed influence only on the QOL in environmental domain. Number of diagnoses showed.obvious negative impact on the QOL, including physiological, psychological,independent, social relation domains, total QOL and health status. Conclusion： The influence of social support on the QOL of elderly patients does not depend on the number of social networks, but on the quality of social support. Emotional support and anticipated support have more influence than tangible support. The QOL of older persons is impacted obviously by diseases, not only on physical suffering, but also on psychological and social functions.