世界乡土文学六要素论

On the Six Essential Elements of World Local Literature

现代意义的乡土文学理论和创作萌芽于18世纪中期法国启蒙运动,诞生于浪漫主义文学运动中。世界乡土文学产生和发展过程中,形成了“乡土”、“乡巴佬”(文学形象)、“乡土变迁”、“乡土理性”、“乡土叙事”、“乡下人”(创作主体)六要素。六要素中,每一要素包括两个基本类型,分别是:自然和社会、乡下“小人物”和乡下“大人物”、经济和观念、认知理性和范式理性、方言土语的运用和文体的创新、个人的因素和时代因素。这六要素十二类型涉及乡土文学创作的地域特征、人物形象特征、时代特征、思想特征、艺术特征、创作主体特征。乡土文学六要素是判断乡土文学基本范围的标尺。六要素的质量高下及其与民族文化品格和精神追求相结合的状况,也是判定其乡土文学成就高下的重要标尺。

The theory and practice of local literature in the modern sense started in the Enlightenment of France in the middle of 18th century,and they were born in Romanticism of world literature. Six essential elements were formed during the development of world local literature, i. e. local, clodhopper （literature image）, local transition, local rationality, local narration, and chuff. In these six elements, each contained two basic types, i. e. nature and society;countryside ＂pipsqueak＂ and countryside ＂big pot＂ ;economy and concept; cognitive rationality and rationality of normal form;application of dialects and idioms and innovation of style ; personal factor and epoch factor. The six essential elements and twelve types cover the regional, image, epoch, ideology, art, and creation subject features of world local literature, and they are the rulers to judge the basic scope of local literature. Their quality and connection with national culture and spiritual pursuit are also important rulers to judge the achievement of local literature.