汉代答难体赋作中“战国情结”的内涵及变化——兼谈汉代答难体赋的意义

Connotations and Changes of "the Warring States Complex" in Prose of Dispelling the Doubts in the Han Dynasty

由东方朔《答客难》开创的汉代答难体赋,历经扬雄《解嘲》和《解难》、班固《答宾戏》、崔《达旨》、张衡《应间》、崔《答讥》、蔡邕《释诲》等人的创作,在汉代抒情言志赋中自成一体,而"战国情结"则是其中贯穿始终的结构和内容主线。但是随着社会时代的嬗变和赋家个人际遇的沉浮,赋作中对战国时代的观照方式与价值评价也渐趋不同,这正反映出有汉400年间士人体认现实之方式、个人理想之追求等多方面的变化轨迹。因此,答难体赋也以其独特的风貌成为抒写"士不遇"主题之汉代抒情言志赋中重要的组成部分。

The prose of dispelling the doubts is created by Dongfang Shuo in the Han Dynasty. After a series of creation such as Yang Xiong, Ban Gu, Cui Yin, Zhang Heng, and Cai Yong, it becomes one of special forms in the proses to express emotion and ambition. While ＂the Warring Slates Complex＂ is its main structure and content through the time. However, with the change of society and times and the destiny of the intelligentsia, the opinion and evaluation on the Warring Slates becomes divergence gradually in different writer＇ s prose, which reflects the different styles in realizing the reality and their dreams. Therefore, due to its particular expressing style, it is an important part of proses to express emotion and ambition in the Han Dynasty when being unable to realize the dream is the theme.