黄县长把梨果实发育的解剖研究

ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE FRUIT DEVELOPMENT OF HUANGXIAN CHANG-BA-LI

对黄县长把梨果实的发育做了详细的观察，结果表明：①黄县长把梨的肉质果壁主要由托杯薄壁细胞数目增多，体积增大发育而来，其果实的大小与薄壁细胞数目的多少，体积的大小直接相关，②黄县长把梨表皮上的角质膜逐渐增厚，在开花后一个月开始穿入到表皮细胞的径向壁之间，此时皮孔在气孔的位置发生，开花后３周，表皮下出现４～５层含单宁类物质的细胞，较厚的角质膜与大量单宁类物质的存在与黄县长把梨的耐贮性有关；③石细胞在开花后２周由薄壁细胞积累次生壁分化而成，分化顺序是从果肉内部逐渐向外，其分化至６月基本稳定。果肉中较多的石细胞与较大的石细胞团不仅与黄县长把梨的耐贮性有关。

In this paper, the fruit development of Huangxian Chang-Ba-Li is observed in detail . The results are as follows:(1) The pulp of fruit-wall of Huang - Xian Chang -ba-li developes mainly from the grow in number and volume of parenchyma of cup-shaped receptacle, , and the fruit size is directly related to the quantity and volume of parenchyma cells (2) In the process of fruit development , the cuticle of Huangxian Chang-ba-li thickens gradually. About one month after blossoming ,the cuticle begins to invade the internal between the directly wall of any two epidermal cells, and at the same time, the cork cambium of lenticel occurs under the stoma. About three weeks after blossoming, four or five Pyrus of tannin cells appear under the epidermis . The exsistence of thick cuticle and enormous tannin cells is related to the good storability of Huangxian Chang-ba-li (3)Two weeks after blossoming, stone cell begins to differentiate from normal parenchyna cell and the substances of secondary cell wall is accumutaled. The sequence of differentiation of stone cell takes place gradually from the inside of the fleoh of fruit to the outside. Before June, with the developing of fruit, the number of stone cells increases gradually .More stone cells and larger groups of stone cells are not only related to the better storability of Huangxian Chang-ba-li but also to the lower quality .