采煤塌陷对黄土丘陵区土壤物理特性的影响

Ground subsidence caused by mining affected to soil physics features in loess hills

为了给采煤塌陷区土地复垦治理提供理论依据，以神府一东胜煤田大柳塔煤矿为例，运用土壤学基本理论和方法，对塌陷黄土丘陵区土壤进行了研究，揭示了采煤塌陷对土壤物理性质影响的变化规律。统计学分析结果表明，降雨后土壤的入渗深度在40～50cm，不同坡位土壤含水量由大到小的顺序为坡底、坡中、坡顶；对土壤密度影响较大的因子是坡位及土壤深度，塌陷对土壤密度影响很小；与对照区相比较，塌陷使土壤总孔隙度明显变小，毛管孔隙度变大，非毛管孔隙度变小；塌陷区不同坡位处粉砂粘粒比值K值明显高于对照区，土壤物理性砂粒含量增加，有砂化趋势；塌陷对黄土丘陵区土壤含水量影响最大，其次是物理性砂粒含量，再次是土壤密度和孔隙度。

In order to provide the theoretical basis for the reclamation and control for the land in the mining subsidence area, the paper studied the soil in the loess hills with the soil basic theory and method and tacking Daliuta Mine in Shendong as an example. The paper released the mining subsidence affected to the variation law of the soil physics features. The statistics analysis results showed that after a raining, the seeping depth of the soil would generally be arranging from 40 to 50 cm and the water content of the soil would be high to low in different slope locations, such as the hill bottom, hill middle and hill top. The big factor affected to the volume-weight of the soil was the slope location and the layers of the soil. The subsidence have a less effect to the soil volume- weight. In comparison to the comparison areas, the total fissures degree of the soil after the subsidence was obviously becoming smaller, the fissure degree of the capillary was becoming higher and the fissure degree of the non - capillary was becoming smaller. The Ka value of the fine sand particle in the different slope location of the subsidence area was obviously higher than the comparison area. The physical sand content in the soil was increasing and the land have a tendency to be a desert. The mining subsidence has a great effect to the water contents of soil in the losses hills and a effect to the physical sand contents of the sand. Also the subsidence has a effect to the volume weight and the fissure degree.