说“笙”——兼议双柏彝族“三笙”之名

Discussion the Name of Three Sheng in Shuangbai Yi Nationality

笙,是我国历史悠久、流行广泛,具有浓郁民族特色的一种簧管乐器,是世界现存大多数簧片乐器的鼻祖。在长期的发展过程中,由于地理条件、风俗习惯和音乐语言等多种因素的影响,笙演变出了多种多样的类型。笙的形制较为复杂,它由簧片、笙苗、笙斗、响眼、笙脚、笙嘴、按音孔和笙箍等几个部分组成。流传于云南省双柏县大山深处彝家村寨的老虎笙、大锣笙、小豹子笙,俗称"三笙"。"三笙"这一提法,虽然最初可能会让人产生一些误解,但总体上是可行的,也是可理解的。

Sheng is a kind reed pipe instrument, which is old - line, widespread and ethical property, also is the earliest ancestor of most reed instrument in the world. Sheng evolved out many types owing to different geographical condition, different customs and different musical language. This paper mainly discusses the differences and samenesses among Lao Hu Sheng, Da Luo Sheng and Xiao Bao Zi Sheng.