试论现代汉语非典型持续体标记“中”与“间”

On the Non-Typical Aspect Marker Zhong(中) and Jian(间) in Modern and Contemporary Chinese

"中"和"间"是现、当代汉语中一对颇具汉语特色的非典型持续体标记。在来源上,"中、间"都是由方位词在隐喻机制的作用下从空间转向时间,再从附体扩展到附谓进一步虚化而成的。在搭配上,"中、间"只能后置,可以附在性状化的谓词性词语、甚至副词性词语后面。在表达上,"中、间"较少直接参与表示前景化持续义,在表背景化持续义时,其表达方式和功用丰富多样。"间"和"中"在阶段性特征、主观性用法和前景化趋势三方面存在着差异。部分"X间"历来就有表瞬时性夸张的惯用法。

The two Chinese non-typical aspect marker of Zhong（中） and Jian（间） are very characteristic in modern and contemporary Chinese compare with the typical aspect marker Zhe（着）. In the origin, the two aspect makers have been from space to time gradually grammaticalized from former localizers under the mechanism of metaphor. In the collocation, the two aspect makers now can only be placed behind of some predicate or adverb phrases. In the expressive functions the two aspect makers can be used in demonstrating meanly background information in different patterns, and occasionally conveying foreground information. There are three differences between the two aspect makers, in the features of a process, in the usage of sbjectification and in the tendency of indicating foreground information. The maker Jian（间） could be used expressing instantaneous time in a exaggerating way from the early modem Chinese.