从语言接触看汉语方言“哒”类持续标记的来源

On the Origin of the Continuous Markers of Ta(哒) Kind in Chinese Dialects from the Perspective of Language Contact

比较藏缅语中ta类持续标记和现代汉语方言"哒"类持续标记在语义、语音、语法等方面的对应关系,从汉藏语系语言接触的角度反观汉语方言"哒"类持续标记,认为"哒"类持续标记是"著"类持续标记的一种早期形式,当时不仅在汉语通行区域分布广泛,而且它的各种语法功能,包括在动词前或动词后做介词的用法,都被藏缅语族、壮侗语族中的许多语言或多或少地借用。这种语言接触的结果,使得我们能够借助非汉语中的借用成分进一步证明现代汉语方言"哒"类持续标记的来源。

In this paper, the continuous markers of Ta（哒） kind in Tibeto-Burman languages were compared with the continuous markers of Ta（哒） kind in Chinese dialects to find their correspondence in semantic, phonetic and grammatical sides. From the perspective of language contact between Sino-Tibetan languages, it is proposed that the continuous markers of Ta（哒） kind in Chinese dialects reflect the early form of Zhe（著）, and at that stage it has been distributed in the vast area of Hart people. Moreover, many kinds of grammatical function of this marker, including the usage of preposition before or after the verb, have been borrowed into Tibeto-Burman and Kam-Tai more or less. Such kind of language contact makes it possible to recognize the origin of the continuous markers of Ta（哒） kind in modern Chinese dialects via Chinese loanwords in Non-Chinese languages.