水垫塘底板冲击压强分布特性试验研究

Experimental study of the impact pressure distributions in a stilling basin during flood discharges

控制水垫塘底板的冲击压力对于水电站泄洪安全具有重要意义,尤其是对于高水头、大流量、窄河谷的水利工程。该文结合中国西南地区大型水电站泄洪消能的实际进行物理模型试验,对电站原方案下水垫塘的冲击压强进行了试验分析。提出了改变表孔齿坎布置的3种改进方案,进行了冲击压强试验。结果显示,改变表孔的齿坎布置是减小冲击压强的一种可行方法。还得到了最优的表孔齿坎布置方案,测量了水垫塘内的流速分布,分析了水垫塘内流态。该结果可用于该大型水电站的泄洪消能设施设计。

During flood discharges from a hydropower station, the impact pressure on the bottom of the stilling basin need to be controlled to prevent damage to the basin, especially for hydraulic projects with large head, large discharge rates, and narrow flow channel. The energy dissipations during flood discharges were studied experimentally for a large hydropower station in southwestern China. The velocity distributions in the stilling basins with three bifurcating dentated sill designs were analyzed. The experiments show that the impact pressure on the bottom of the stilling basin can be reduced by altering the dentated sill design. The results can be used to design the energy dissipation structures for large power stations.