用益物权概念之研究

Studying the Concept of Usufructuary Right

《物权法》第117条对用益物权的界定难以揭示各种用益物权形态之共性及本质。用益物权,是指以支配他人之物的使用价值为内容的物权。用益物权的客体为他人之物,其中的他人,原则上为对物享有所有权的人,也可以是对物享有用益物权的人;他人之物,主要为不动产和不动产权利,也包括自然资源,但不能是动产。用益物权的内容,为对物使用价值的支配,可以具体化为占有、使用、收益权能。但并非各种用益物权的内容均包括上述三项权能,而可能只有一项或几项权能。用益物权人不能对标的物进行事实上的处分,但独立性用益物权还应当包括权利处分的权能。

Usufructuary right specified in Article 117 of Real Right Law hardly reveals the common nature of various forms of the right. It refers to such power to dominate servitude of any other person. An object of usufructuary right should be the term ＂res＂ of any other person who principally means the one enjoys the ownership or usufructuary rights; while the ＂ res＂ means reality and right of reality, also including natural resources, not chattels. The realty or chattel owned by someone else, a usufructuary right holder is entitled to possess, use and seek proceeds from it. The holder of usufructuary right may, when exercising the right, cannot dispose of owned realty or chattel, but independent usufructuary right enjoys the power of disposal.