农村体育人口与非体育参与人口的比较研究

Sports Participants and Non-sports Participants in Rural Areas of Fujian Coastal Region:A Comparative Study

为了更好地把握当前影响我国农村体育发展的因素,以福建沿海地区的农村为例,采用文献资料法、社会调查法等研究方法,对农村体育人口和非体育参与者这两个具有代表性的人群的社会学特征进行了比较研究。结果发现:农村体育人口的闲暇时间较多;体育人口比例性别差异不明显、与年龄成U型结构、与文化程度成反比、与家庭人均收入成正比、与家庭成员数量成U型结构、与体力劳动程度成反比;非体育参与人口的比例女性明显比男性高、与年龄成正比、与文化程度成反比、与家庭成员数量成倒U型结构、与体力劳动程度成正比。体育人口参与体育锻炼的主要动机是:增强体质、娱乐和社交、兴趣等原因。制约非体育参与人口的主要因素是没有时间、缺乏体育设施、缺乏体育组织、没有锻炼伙伴和没有体育指导等。

In order to have a dear picture of the factors influencing the sports development in rural areas of China, a comparative study on the social features of the sports and non - sports participants in rural areas of Fujian coastal region has been made by using the methods of social investigation and questionnaire. The result shows that the sports participants have more leisure time, get greater satisfaction from leisure life, enjoy better health, and have stronger awareness of fit - keeping. There is no significant difference in the proportion between men and women, taking a U - shape against age and the number of family members. The number of sports participants is directly proportional to the family income per capita and is in inverse proportion to education level and physical labor intensity. However, of the non - sports participants, there are more women than men; it is directly proportional to age and manual labor intensity while inversely proportional to education and forming an inverted U - shape to the number of family members. The survey indicates that the major motivations of sports participants are for building up their health, fun, socializing and personal interest while the dominating reasons for the non - sports participants are shortages of time, sports facilities, sports organizations, training partners and instructors.