摘要
本文对光谱法和环境样本汞形态分析法的一些新进展进行了讨论,特别是同位素稀释技术在检测气体样品中各类汞的浓度、土壤和沉积物中汞反应速度上的应用。这些数据对于汞生物地球化学基础研究、土壤和沉积物汞污染风险评估和建立有效补救措施具有重要意义。文章介绍了浓缩稳定同位素示踪剂在汞形态分析中的应用如何提高示踪能力和结果精确度、推动开发合理方法以及促进生物地球化学过程研究,如汞元素的反应速度和通量。文章特别强调了样本处理过程中非目标形态转化反应的研究与矫正、培育过程中环境样本,即小尺度和中尺度生态系统,中形态的"天然"转化研究的可能性。另外还对同位素示踪实验中相关数据采集的注意事项和汞形态分析中通常需要考虑的可靠性和质量保证进行了讨论。
This paper discusses some recent advances in spectrometric methods and approaches for mercury speciation analysis of environmental samples with focus on isotope dilution techniques for determination of mercury species' concentrations in gaseous samples and reaction rates in soils and sediments. Such analytical data is important inter alia in fundamental research on mercury biogeochemistry and for risk assessments of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments and for designing effective remedial actions.The paper describes how the use of enriched stable isotope tracers in mercury speciation analysis can improve the traceability and accuracy of results,facilitate rational method developments,and be useful for studying biogeochemical processes,i.e.rate of reactions and fluxes,of mercury species.In particular the possibilities to study and correct for unwanted species transformation reactions during sample treatment and to study 'natural' transformations of species in environmental samples,or micro- and mesocosm ecosystems,during incubations are highlighted.Important considerations to generate relevant data in isotope tracer expenments as well as reliability and quality assurance of mercury speciation analysis in general are also discussed.
