摘要
快速筛选法可提高成本效率、生产量和对污染位点的风险评估质量。本文研究了加压液体萃取技术和两种体外生物检测的组合方法对烟火工业场所46个表层土壤样本进行风险评价。加压液体萃取可以快速生成与两种生物检测相容的土-水提取物。利用毒理学和化学筛选作出的危害评估揭示那些潜在相对高风险金属污染的地带。数据多元分析显示生物检测的显著抑止作用与提取物中金属含量的水平相关,表明某些金属物有较高的潜在毒性。低pH值和高浓度的溶解有机碳与细胞毒素增加相关,表明这些因素影响金属的生物可利用性。细胞毒素与提取物中金属浓度的相关性高于土壤中的,说明对土壤中金属总浓度的检测不能为土壤潜在毒性提供良好指标。
Rapid screening methods can improve the cost effectiveness,throughput,and quality of risk assessments of contaminated sites.In the present case study,the objective was to evaluate a combination of pressurized liquid extraction and 2 in vitro bioassays for the hazard assessment of surface soil sampled from 46 points across a pyrotechnical industrial site.Pressurized liquid extraction was used to rapidly produce soil-water extracts compatible with 2 high-capacity bioassays.Hazard assessment using combined toxicological and chemical screening revealed zones with relatively high potential risks of metal pollution. Multivanate data analysis provided indications that significant inhibifion in the bioassays was correlated with levels of metals in the extracts,suggesting an elevated toxic potential from certain metals.Low pH and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were associated with increased cytotoxicity of extracts,indicating that these factors influence metal bioavailability.The cytotoxicity observed was more strongly correlated to metal concentrations in the extracts than in the soil,suggesting that measurements of total metal concentrations in soils do not provide good indications of the soil's potential toxicity.
