摘要
对于被污染的棕色地块(brownfield sites)及其样品的分析研究要花很多的财力,而所得的结果却常常没有很好的说服力。因此在此类研究中就需要改进研究方法来降低成本,同时提高结果的可信度。美国环境保护局所开发的三联体方法是一种能同时满足这两方面要求的方法,其核心特征是对不确定性的管理。在本文介绍的调查中,我们采用现场研究来确定一种可能的方法,运用这种方法可以在实践中管理控制不确定性。考虑的一个实例包括在特定的项目目标前提下,调整样本大小来最优化不确定性,以及在分析工作上所作的努力。此外,评价了几种毒性分析方法在筛选污染位点中的潜在效用。报道这些分析结果的同时,我们在这篇文稿中讨论了一些途径,就是怎样借鉴三联体原理将灵活的工作策略和筛选方法引入到瑞典修复棕色地块的方法中。分层次的途径充分利用了现场的和筛选的方法,其被引入到对棕色地块的评估中,集中分析了任务所要求的响应和可接受的不确定性。
Investigations of polluted brownfield sites and sample analyses are expensive, and the resulting data are often of poor quality.Efforts are needed,therefore,to improve the methods used in investigations of brownfield sites to both reduce costs and improve the quality of the results.One approach that could be useful for both of these purposes is the triad strategy,developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency,in which managing uncertainty is a central feature.In the investigations reported here,a field study was conducted to identify possible ways in which uncertainties could be managed in practice.One example considered involves optimizing the uncertainty by adjusting the sizes of samples and the efforts expended in analytical work according to the specific aims of the project.In addition,the potential utility of several toxicity assessment methods for screening sites was evaluated.As well as presenting the results of these assessments,in this contribution we discuss ways in which a flexible work strategy and screening methods inspired of the triad philosophy could be incorporated into the Swedish approach to remediate brownfield sites.A tiered approach taking advantage of field and screening methods is proposed to assess brownfield sites focusing on the response and acceptable uncertainty that are required for the task.
