现代学术批判对马克思主义中国化的双重影响——以20世纪50年代胡适思想批判为个案

The Dual Influence of Modern Academic Criticism over the Localization of Marxism in China

建国初期党对胡适思想的批判涉及改造旧社会的意识形态、奠基新中国的意识形态这样一个思想文化领域的重大原则问题。对胡适思想的批判有其深刻的历史必然性,以胡适为代表的资产阶级学术思想体系在整体上与20世纪50年代初中国的社会转型和主流思潮是格格不入的。这场批判运动从总体上是比较健康的,比较全面系统地清理了资产阶级唯心主义在学术研究领域中的影响,从而确立了马克思主义在意识形态领域中的指导地位。但不容否认的是,理论界也存在着一些教条化的倾向,从而在一定程度上限制了批判所能达到的学术深度和科学性。

The criticism launched by the Party of Hu Shi's ideas involved the important principled question in the ideological and cultural fields of transforming the ideology from old society and laying a foundation for the ideology of New China.The criticism was historically inevitable as the bourgeois system of academic thinking represented by Hu Shi was out of tune with the social transformation and mainstream trend of thought in China in the early 1950s.As a whole this movement of criticism proceeded in a healthy and sound way.It comprehensively and systematically cleared away the influence of bourgeois idealism in the field of academic research and established the dominant position of Marxism in the ideological field.However,it was an indisputable fact that the dogmatist tendency existed in the theoretical circles,which limited the academic depth and scientificity that should have been reached by the criticism.