电磁感应熔渗法制备WC颗粒/钢基表面复合材料

Fabrication of WC Particles Steel Matrix Surface Composites Using Electromagnetic Induction Melting-infiltration Method

提出一种新的表面增强复合材料的制备方法:电磁感应熔渗法。利用电磁感应加热的特点,成功制备了以ZG45为基材,以WC颗粒作为增强相的钢基表面耐磨复合材料。通过光镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射等手段研究了复合层组织、组成相及WC陶瓷颗粒与ZG45基体的界面结构。对正火态45钢与复合材料进行了两体磨损性能对比试验,并进行了磨损形貌分析。研究结果表明,复合层厚度均匀,厚度达4 mm以上,WC颗粒在复合层中分布均匀。WC与基材间形成了一定厚度的元素扩散层,两者间为明显的冶金结合。硬度测试结果表明,复合层硬度有明显提高,平均硬度为基材的2～3倍。两体磨损性能测试发现,相对于正火态45钢标样,复合材料的耐磨性能提高了36.6倍。

The preparation technology of metal matrix surface wear-resistant composite was discussed and a new method, which is named electromagnetic induction melting-infiltration method, was proposed. According to the particularity of electromagnetic induction heat, the steel matrix surface composites reinforced by WC ceramic particles were successfully gained. The organization and ingredients in the composite layer, the interracial structure between WC ceramic particle and the ZG45 steel matrix were analyzed by means of optic microscope, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The two-body abrasive wear test was performed on the normalized 45 steel and the composites. The experimental results indicate that the thickness of composite-layer is even and the average thickness is greater than 4 mm, that the WC particles in the composite-layer are homogenous. There is an obvious element diffusion in the interface between WC particles and the matrix, and the interface is a perfect metallurgical combination. The hardness test results show that the hardness of composite-layer is improved distinctly, which is 2-3 times of the steel matrix. The two-body abrasive wear performance of the composites is increased significantly, which is 37.6 times of the normalized 45 steel.