2种藏茵陈类植物的引种地繁殖系统研究

Reproduction Systems of Two Cultivated "Zangyinchen"

通过观察、套袋、人工授粉对引种至低海拔栽培地的2种藏茵陈"类植物——川西獐牙菜(Swertia mus-sotii)和抱茎獐牙菜(S.franchetiana)繁育系统进行研究.结果表明:(1)引种的2种植物均为雌雄同株、自交亲和,但大部分花雌雄异熟(dichogamy)和雌雄异位(herkogamy),雌雄同熟的比例为24%,且雌雄同熟的雄蕊群远离雌蕊,需要靠传粉昆虫等传粉媒介传粉.(2)引种到低海拔的2种藏茵陈"类植物结实率和发芽率均较高,其中川西獐牙菜柱头张开第2天的授粉结实率达76.54%,种子发芽率达84.29%.(3)低海拔栽培的川西獐牙菜的传粉昆虫是家养蜜蜂,抱茎獐牙菜的开花时间较川西獐牙菜晚20 d,有效的传粉昆虫由家养蜜蜂变成一种很小的蜂类.研究表明,川西獐牙菜和抱茎獐牙菜由高海拔引种到低海拔地区后,结实率和种子发芽率均较高,可以用引种栽培的方式进行藏茵陈"药材的繁殖.

Compared observation, artificial bagged and artificial pollination were operated to study the reproduction system characteristics of Swertia mussotii and S. franchetiana at the low altitude cultivated sites. The results show that： （1） Two cultivated plants of S. mussotii and S. franchetiana are hermaphroditic plants of dichogamy and herkogamy. The ratio of homogamy is 24% ,the stamen is apart from pistil in homogamous plants. Therefore,the seed set dependents on pollinators. （2） There are high seed-setting ratio and germination ratio of two ＂Zangyinchen＂ plants at the low altitude cultivated site. The seed-setting ratio reaches 76.54% and germination ratio reaches 84.29% at the second day of open pistil of S. mussotii. （3） The effective pollinators are Apis mellifera L. （apidae） in the low altitude cultivation site for S. mussotii. The sister genus S. franchetiana anthesis defers 20 days from S. mussotii,the effective pollinator is small bumbus. The results indicated that S. rnussotii and S. franchetiana had a high seed-setting ratio and germination ratio in the low altitude cultivated sites. It is feasible that medicinal materials reproduce through cultlvatlon.