植物源杀虫剂川楝素对环境生物安全性评价

Evaluation of the toxicity of botanical pesticide toosendanin to non-target Organisms

评价农药对环境中非靶标生物的毒性是新农药开发应用的重要环节.依据国家环境保护局"化学农药环境安全评价试验准则",测定了78%川楝素原粉和0.5%川楝素乳油对生态环境中非靶标生物的毒性,并进行了安全性评价.结果表明,川楝素原粉对鹌鹑、家蚕、蜜蜂、蚯蚓、瓢虫、蝌蚪等非靶标生物均为低毒;川楝素乳油对家蚕、蜜蜂、蚯蚓、瓢虫等均为低毒,对家蚕的生长发育具有一定的影响,对鹌鹑中毒,对蝌蚪高毒.可见,植物源杀虫剂川楝素对环境非靶标生物毒性低、较为安全,但在水田及桑园应慎用0.5%川楝素乳油.

Environmental safety assessment of non-target organisms is essential for development and application of new pesticides. According to ＂ Experimental Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticide＂, we investigated the toxicity of 78% toosendanin powder and 0.5% toosendanin EC to six species of organisms to evaluate the wider environmental impact of this pesticide. The results indicated that ： toosendanin powder had low toxicity to quail （ Coturnix chinensis ）, silkworm （ Bombyx mori ）, bee （ Apis mellifera ）, earthworm （ Eisenia fetida ）, ladybeetle （ CoccineUa septempunctata） and tadpole（Rana limnochris） ; the toosendanin EC had low toxicity to silkworm, bee, earthworm, ladybeetle, whereas the toxicity to quails was moderate, and to tadpole was high; toosendanin powder had some effect on the growth and development of silkworm. We conclude that the toxicity of toosendanin is generally low and it is safe for organisms in the environment, but the 0.5% toosendanin EC should be applied cautiously in rice paddies and mulberry orchards.