国家皮艇队高原训练负荷及生化指标特征

Training load and biochemical indices of national kayak athletes during altitude training

目的:观察高原训练对运动员生化指标的影响,同时记录训练负荷,以期发现训练负荷与血液生化指标的规律。方法:试验于2003-01/02在云南呈贡完成。选择中国男子皮艇队重点运动员12名,平均年龄22岁,身高(186.3±3.8)cm,体质量(80.6±6.5)kg,体脂含量(11.5±1.4)%,瘦体质量(71.3±5.2)kg,在昆明呈贡松茂水库进行了为期4周的高原训练(海拔2050m)。高原训练负荷以高强度训练为主,4,5级强度训练时间比例高达34.3%,同时结合低强度训练。上高原前后与高原第3周分别检测运动员的生化指标,同时观察高原训练期间第2周与第4周运动员对训练负荷的反应。结果:纳入运动员12名,均进入结果分析。①运动员在高原训练中生化指标变化较高原训练前显著,网织红细胞计数、红细胞、睾酮、血红蛋白增加显著。但高原训练结束后平原训练的第2周晨大部分指标出现下降,血红蛋白、睾酮也出现了大幅度的下降。②第2周与第4周比,运动的量与强度方面基本相同,第4周晨起尿素氮与激酸激酶显著低于第2周。结论:高原训练中,高强度训练时间比例不宜过多;高原训练后的平原训练中睾酮值的下降会影响运动员的竞技状态。

AIM： To observe the influence of altitude training on the biochemical indices of athletes and record the training load, so as to discover the relationship between training load and blood biochemical indices. METHODS： The experiment was done in Chenggong city of Yunnan Province from January to February in 2003. Twelve national kayak athletes were enrolled, and their conditions included mean age 22 years, height （186.3±3.8） cm, weight （80.6±6.5） kg, fat （11.5±1.4）%, and lean body mass （71.3±5.2） kg. They trained for four weeks in Songmao Reservoir of Kunming city at an altitude of 2 050 m. The training program included a big portion of high intensity exercise and a small portion of low intensity exercise, in which the portion of 4 level to 5 level exercise reached 34.3%. The biochemical indices of athletes were detected before training, after training and the 3^rd week on the plateau, meanwhile the athlete＇s response to training load on the 2^nd and 4^th weeks was observed. RESULTS： All of 12 athletes were involved in the result analysis. （1）Biochemical indices of athletes changed markedly after raining. During altitude training, the reticulocyte, red blood cells, hemoglobin and serum testosterone increased significantly. But most indices decreased on the 2^rd week after altitude training was over, especially the levels of hemoglobin and serum testosterone.（2）The amount and intensity of exercise were identical between the 2^rd week and the 4^±th week, but the urea nitrogen and creatine kinase were significantly decreased on the 4^th week. CONCLUSION： The portion of high intensity exercise in altitude training is unsuitable for excess; The competition ability of athletes will be influenced by serum testosterone level during the plane training followed by altitude training.