巴马地区百岁老人心理健康调查

Mental health investigation of people over 100 years old in Bama County

目的:调查广西巴马地区100岁以上老人的心理健康状况,评估心理因素对该地区老人长寿的影响程度。方法:①以广西巴马地区80岁以上人口构成为基准,以乡为单位进行整群抽样,抽取巴马县甲篆乡作为调查单位,以2004-03-01零点为准,凡超过100岁者全部纳入。②应用《长寿地区老人心理健康调查表》调查,主要包括一般项目(自然情况、生活习惯、近期服药与心身健康状况、社会活动与人际交往和社会支持等)、简易智能状态检查、日常生活能力量表、流调用抑郁自评量表等,测定老年人的认知功能、日常生活能力、抑郁情绪。结果:①共调查100岁以上老人30名,男8名,女22名,平均年龄(103.50±2.52)岁。②20%既往有饮酒习惯;既往抽烟率7%,现已全部戒烟;18kg/m2≤体质量指数≤25kg/m2者占47%;73%每天睡眠6～12h;63%从未就医;57%经常锻炼身体。③33%未发现明显器质性疾病,90%无躯体残疾,93%自我心理感觉良好。④73%还参加一项以上活动,87%有与朋友相聚习惯,47%没有感到孤独感,100%有健在子女,60%60岁后,每天仍从事8h以上的生产劳动。⑤简易智能状态检查和流调用抑郁自评量表得分与常模比较差异不显著(P>0.05),日常生活能力量表得分低于常模(P<0.05)。⑥成功老龄检出率为17%,常态老龄检出率为50%,轻度认知功能损害检出率为33%。结论:巴马地区100岁以上老人有许多心身健康特点,包括良好的生活习性,稳定的性格和心境,其认知功能、自我心理感觉、人际关系与社会支持相当好,日常生活能力虽有下降,但大部分仍坚持进行家务劳动,抑郁情绪和躯体疾病少,常态老龄有相当的保持率,提示科学的行为方式加上良好的自然环境与社会环境是该地区100岁以上老人长寿的重要因素。

AIM： To explore the psychological status of people aged over 100 years in Bama county of Guangxi, and evaluate the effects of psychological factors on the longevity of people in this area. METHODS： （1）The population constitution of people aged over 80 years in Bama county of Guangxi was chosen as the benchmark, and older people aged over 100 from Jiazhuan were chosen as subjects by cluster sampling method based on the unit of the rustic area. （2）The Mental Health Survey Questionnaire for the Elderly in Longevity Area was used, which included general items such as natural condition, life habit, recent medication, mental health condition, social activity and interpersonal communication and social support, and a battery of international standardized instruments, such as Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE）, Activities of Daily Living Scale （ADL）, Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale （CES-D）, etc to determine the cognitive function, daily living ability and depressive emotion of the elderly. RESULTS： （1）The 30 people aged over 100 years including 8 males and 22 females of （103.50±2.52） years were investigated. （2）20% of them had the history of drinking; 7% smoking, but now they have stopped smoking; the body mass indexes of 47% were between 18 kg/m^2 and 25 kg/m^2; 73% kept a sleep for 6-12 hours daily; 63% never visited to doctor and 57% always did exercise. （3）There were 33% without obvious organic disease, 90% without physical handicap, and 93% with excellent mental feeling.（4）73% of them participated in one activity or more, 87% always gathered with friends, 47% did not feel lonely, 100% had children, and 60% people over 60 years old still worked for 8 hours daily. （5）There were no significant difference in the scores among MMSE, CES-D and norm （P 〉 0.05）, and the scores of ADL were lower than those of norm （P 〈 0.05）. （6）17% people were successful ones, 50% were normal ones and 33% were found mild cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION： There are many mental and healthy characteristics in the people aged over 100 years in Bama such as good life habits, stable psychology and characters, excellent cognitive ability, serf-psychology, interpersonal relationship and social support, although their daily living ability is decreased, they still insist on house working. There are few people with depression or body handicap. The normal older people occupy a high rate, indicating the scientific behavior pattern, and good natural and social environments are important factors for the longevity of the people over 100 years old.