师范院校贫困新生与非贫困新生心理健康状况的比较

Comparison of mental health status between impoverished and non-impoverished normal university freshmen

目的:比较师范院校贫困新生与非贫困新生的心理健康状况。方法:于2005-10在衡阳师范学院完成调查。采用整群抽样横断面调查方法,以衡阳师范学院2005级3089名新生为调查对象,运用症状自评量表对其进行集体测查。在统一指导语下,学生根据最近1周内的自我感觉答题,独立完成,当场收卷。结果数据运用光电阅读机(OMR2000)输入计算机心理测评工具箱标准版V3.0系统进行总分和因子分的统计。量表中没有回答的项目记为"没有",5个以上项目未答者视为问卷无效以及总分低于95分的问卷因缺乏可靠性均不进行分析。所有数据输入电脑后用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析;群体差异比较用t和Z检验。结果:共发放3089份问卷,收回有效答卷2994份,有效率为96.92%,其中贫困新生有效答卷510份,占17.03%。问卷结果显示,师范院校贫困新生在人际关系、偏执和精神病性3项因子上的得分分别为1.86±0.54,1.70±0.48和1.58±0.43,明显高于非贫困新生(1.78±0.51,1.65±0.46,1.53±0.39,t=3.34,2.02,2.92,P<0.05)。从阳性因子的人数比率来看,师范院校贫困新生在总分阳性的人数比率为0.28,明显低于非贫困新生(0.33,Z=-2.27,P<0.05);而在人际关系、偏执和精神病性3项因子阳性的人数比率分别为0.35,0.30,0.16,明显高于非贫困新生(0.31,0.24,0.13,Z=1.73,2.72,1.71,P<0.05)。结论:师范院校贫困新生的整体心理健康状况并不比非贫困新生差,但是在人际关系敏感、偏执和精神病性3个问题上明显比非贫困新生要严重。

AIM： To compare the mental health status between impoverished and non-impoverished freshmen of normal university. METHODS： This investigation was conducted with the method of cluster sampling and cross-sectional investigation in Hengyang Normal University in October 2005. Totally 3 089 freshmen were tested by Symptom Check List 90 （SCL-90） in groups. Under the uniform instruction, all the subjects answered every question individually according to their own conditions in the latest one week. All the answer papers were handed in on the spot. The data of SCL-90 were input with Optical Mark Reader 2000 into Psychometrics Toolbox STD V3.0 of Psychology Exploring System for calculating the total score and the score of each factor. The unanswered items in SCL-90 were labelled as ＂never＂, but in cases that more than 5 items were left unanswered so the total scores were below 95 points, the questionnaire was considered to be invalid because of the low reliability and therefore be rejected for analysis. All the data were input into computer and statistically analysed with SPSS 11.0 software. Differences among groups were compared with t test or Ztest. RESULTS： Totally 3 089 questionnaires were distributed and 2 994 valid of them were collected, with a valid recovery rate of 96.92%, including 510 of impoverished freshmen taking up to 17.03%. The result suggested that the impoverished freshmen had significantly higher scores than the non-impoverished freshmen in the factors of interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism （1.86±0.54, 1.78±0.51, t =3.34; 1.70±0.48, 1.65±0.46, t =2.02; 1.58±0.43, 1.53±0.39, t =2.92, P 〈 0.05）. As far as the rate of the number of freshmen with marked symptom factor was concerned, the rate of the marked symptom total score of the impoverished freshmen was significantly lower than that of non-impoverished freshmen （0.33, Z=-2.27, P 〈 0.05）, but the rates of the marked symptom factors of interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism in the impoverished freshmen were significantly higher than those of the non-impoverished freshmen （0.31, 0.24, 0.13, Z=1.73, 2.72, 1.71, P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： As a whole, the mental health status of the impoverished freshmen is not worse than that of the non-impoverished freshmen in normal university, but the conditions of interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism of the impoverished freshmen are obviously worse than those of the non-impoverished freshmen.