青少年人格障碍的研究进展

Advanced research of personality disorder in adolescence

目的:收集有关青少年人格障碍的研究报告,对其发展历史进行初步梳理,介绍青少年人格障碍研究的重要性、目前研究现状及其研究困扰。资料来源:运用计算机检索CNIK1994/2006、PsycINFO1997/2005、EBSCOHost1997/2005期间相关文献,检索词为"人格障碍,青少年,personality disorder(s),adolescence"。资料选择:检索与人格障碍、青少年人格发展高度相关的文献,排除重复文献。资料提炼:共检索到73篇文献,排除重复文献43篇,共纳入30篇。资料综合:青少年人格障碍研究的焦点在于:有学者质疑青少年阶段由于不成熟的人格及其发展偏离而引发的问题是否可以被界定为人格障碍,这与青少年期人格发展的理论研究有着紧密的联系。目前大多数关于青少年期个体人格问题的研究都回避了对个体做出人格障碍的诊断,但无论是从其鉴别标准、干预方式以及向相关讨论仍都依据成年人人格障碍的标准。这也是导致青少年人格障碍问题研究无法进一步拓展的原因之一。尽管各研究者对于是否需要确诊青少年人格障碍的态度不一,但从近年研究可以发现,研究者们已普遍认同青少年期人格异常的存在,也都意识到了青少年期人格方面的问题对于个体成年后人格发展的重要影响作用。因此,根据青少年阶段人格特征,从全新的视角对此阶段人格问题进行研究分析应该是此领域未来的发展之路。结论:从研究结果可以看出,目前对青少年人格障碍研究尚不成熟,也未成体系,建立一个独立于成人人格障碍的诊断体系,采取以预防成人人格障碍为主要目的的青少年人格障碍干预措施,应该是此领域今后的研究重点。

OBJECTIVE： This article summanzes the different studies on the personality disorders in adolescence, primarily reviews its developmental and introduces the importance, presence and puzzle in the recent researches. DATA SOURCES： An online search of CNIK （1994-2006）, PsyclNFO （1997-2005）, and EBSCOHost （1997-2005） was conduced to look for literatures on the personality disorders in adolescence. The keywords were ＂personality disorder（s）, adolescence＂. STUDY SELECTION： Articles related to the personality disorders in adolescence were selected, whereas the repeated articles were deleted. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 73 articles were selected in accordance with above criteria, 30 of them were included, while other were excluded due to repetition. DATA SYNTHESIS： The researches about the personality disorders in adolescence focuses on the debate of the personality disorder, which is closely related to the theoretical research of personality development in adolescence. Some researchers argue that the personality during adolescence is instable, whether the temporary departure from normal development should be defined as personality disorder. Through the review of the articles of different researchers, several ideas have been lined out. Although most researchers avoided diagnosing adolescents as personality disorder, the ways of discriminations and interventions are similar to those for adults, which causes the detention of personality disorder research. Though there are different opinions, one common idea is that abnormity in the development of personality do exist dudng the adolescence and this would surly have great affection on one＇s future personality development. Since, according to the characters of personality during adolescence, discussion of the problems in a different new way would be the future development in this field. CONCLUSION： As shown in the study result, the researches in this field are still in early stages and lack of system. Setting up a specialized diagnosis system and drawing out intervention in order to prevent personality disorders in adult age should be strengthened in the future research.