高等师范院校教师职业倦怠的自我防御

Self-defense for teachers' job burnout in higher teachers' college

目的:教师职业倦怠现象势必影响教育事业的健康发展和社会的良性循环。从高等师范院校教师自身寻找倦怠产生的原因及防御策略,以期有效地缓解和消除高等师范院校教师的职业倦怠。方法:①检索CNKI学术期刊数据库2000-01/2006-08有关职业倦怠的相关文章,检索词"职业倦怠",限定文章语言种类为中文。②检索ProQuest数据库1974-01/2006-08与职业倦怠相关的文章,检索词"burnout",限定文章语言种类为English。③在中国人力资源开发网中检索与职业倦怠相关的信息,检索词"倦怠",限定语言种类为中文。对资料进行初审,选取符合要求的有关文献并查找全文。纳入标准:①有关职业倦怠现象的综述研究。②有关职业倦怠的成因研究。③有关职业倦怠的对策研究。④外文资料中有关"burnout"的专题研究。排除标准:重复研究。结果:职业倦怠专指助人行业中的个体在面对过度工作需求时产生的身体和情绪的极度疲劳状态。中国高校教师的倦怠指数在11个职业的调查中居第3位。高校教师职业倦怠的成因包括社会、学校和个人因素3方面,高师教师的劳动特点、管理体制、学生群体等学校因素,由于角色冲突、个体经验、人格特征等个人因素是导致高等师范院校教师的职业倦怠的重要原因。对教师职业倦怠的干预大多注重从社会和学校两个方面进行预防和缓解。结论:由于社会变迁与教育改革等社会影响,导致高等师范院校教师的职业倦怠状况日益凸现。在社会、学校系统干预作用下,从自身出发思考职业倦怠的防御策略更能有效帮助高等师范院校教师走出职业倦怠。

AIM：The teachers＇ job burnout at Higher Teachers＇ College will definitely affect the healthy development for the education and the virtuous circle of whole society. Their job burnout can be effectively slowed down or ironed out by the teachers themselves and their defending strategies. METHODS： （1）An online index for the essays associated with ＂burnout＂ was undertaken in CNKI from January 2000 to August 2006 using the keywords ＂burnout＂, and language was limited to Chinese. （2）An online search for the essays associated with ＂burnout＂ was undertaken in ProQuest from January 1974 to August 2006 using the keywords ＂burnout＂, and language was limited to English. （3）An online search for the essays associated with ＂burnout＂ was undertaken in China Personnel Resource Development Net using the keywords ＂burnout＂ in Chinese. After the first check, the suitable articles were selected for full-texts. Inclusion standard： （1）the integrated research about ＂burnout＂.（2）the research about the .reasons of ＂burnout＂. （3）the research about the countermeasure of ＂burnout＂. （4）the research about the ＂burnout＂ in foreign materials. Exclusion standard： the repeated information. RESULTS： The burnout is defined as the individual extreme fatiguing state in their body and emotion as they face up to the overworking requirements in the service fields. The index of the teachers＇ burnout at the college ranks the third among the 11 surveyed professions. Its reasons include 3 perspectives of society, college and individual, the college factors are consisted of the labor characteristics, managing system and student population, while the individual factors are the main cause of the teachers＇ burnout, comprising the role conflict, experience and personality. But the interference to the teachers＇ experimental burnout mostly focuses on the prevention and relief from the society and college. CONCLUSION： Many factors can contribute to the teachers＇ burnout, such as the social influences： the social changes and education reforms. Under the interference of the society and college, the defending strategies that the teachers are thinking about in their own can effectively help them work out the burnout.