合同实体公正与程序公正

Substantive Fairness and Procedural Justice in the Contract

在合同关系中,区分合同实体与合同程序可以为合同公正性评价提供一个新的视角。以给付与对待给付之间的等价性为主要内容的合同实体公正在司法实践中可操作性较差,固守这一评价标准也不完全符合市场竞争的要求。而以平等协商、自由选择过程以及体现诚实信用的互动关系为主的程序公正更适合现代社会正义观的判断。评价合同的公正性,原则上可以程序公正为首要考察因素,具有程序正当性的合同就可以认定为公正、合法、有效的合同;只有显失公平、需情势变更之类的情况才有必要考虑从实体上重新平衡双方的利益。

The equity in value of payment and benefit is regarded as substantive fairness in contract. However, the substantive fairness evaluation system has failed in keeping paces with the development of society and takes effect impossibly. Procedure of contract and procedural justice give people chances for making choice freely which can supply the need of modern social justice evaluation of action in law. In practice, we may as well apply of procedural justice as first criteria in evaluating contract fairness, and use substantive fairness as additional one in some cases in which procedural justice fails to operate properly.