社会性法哲学思想的三种表现形式

Study on the Law Philosophy Concepts of Three Sociologists

卡尔.马克思、马克斯.韦伯和艾米尔.迪尔克姆是公认的对法学最有影响的三位社会学家。他们的法哲学思想的共同特点可以用社会性来概括。这个社会性在卡尔.马克思那里表现为法的阶级性,在马克斯.韦伯那里表现为法的理性,在艾米尔.迪尔克姆表现为法的合同契约。卡尔.马克思从人类历史发展的规律方面揭示了法的阶级性共性。马克斯.韦伯从人类社会的制度完善和权力的制约方面揭示了法的理性共性。艾米尔.迪尔克姆从人类社会的发展模式方面揭示了法的合同契约共性。他们的法哲学思想反映了人类关于法的一般观念。可以通过他们的法哲学思想认识法的本质特点。

Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim are most important and influential sociologists. The common characteristic of their philosophy of law is sociality. Marx＇s thought of philosophy of law is law is class Weber＇s theory of law is rational, while Durkheim＇s theory of law is contract. They have elucidated an idea that law is a philosophy concept. We can understand law in essence by them.